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The bus doesn't stop so that you can view "places of interest"... it just goes on through because it has a schedule to keep. http://www.greyhound.ca Are you planning on making stop-overs on the way? It's an entire day's driving to get from Vancouver to Calgary (or return) ... how long do you have for these segments (and for your entire trip?) What time of year is it when you are coming? (It makes a big difference whether it's summer or winter...)
As to cosy places in Vancouver, it would be helpful if you could indicate a budget range.
Once you get away from the coast, one of the main attractions in western Canada is the Canadian Rocky Mountain national parks (Banff, Jasper etc.), including the Icefields Parkway, a scenic drive between Jasper and Lake Louise. You might want to consider taking the bus to Jasper from Vancouver, spending a few days, then taking the Brewster day tour down the parkway to Lake Louise or Banff, spending a few days, and then moving on to Calgary. I would allow at least 7 days.
Not part of the Rockies, but also stunning mountain scenery, Mt. Revelstoke and Glacier National Parks are between Vancouver and Calgary, close to Revelstoke, BC.
The route between Calgary and Vancouver via the Canadian Rocky Mountain parks is a well-travelled and much discussed itinerary here, although because of the geographic scope of it, the information is scattered among many forums. I would suggest browsing recent posts in the following: Canadian Rockies, Alberta, Banff, Jasper, Whistler, Calgary, Edmonton, Vancouver, British Columbia, Kamloops etc. (Also, if you access the forums at, say, the provincial level, you can see all the sub-forums beneath.)
Also, the TA "Traveler Articles" and "Top Questions" have a lot of helpful info. Go to the TA page for whatever destination you need advice, then look on the left hand side of the page, and you'll see the Traveller Articles, starting with "More on ...", "Before you go", "Things to Do", etc. Top Questions for each destination are found in the top right corner.
Online maps can be very useful in laying out your itinerary - they have "directions" features which will give you mileage and driving times between stops. Try http://www.mapquest.com or http://www.maps.google.com . I am also very fond of using Google's satellite and street views to learn about an area before I go.
Online resources that will be useful for the Rockies -
The Jasper and Banff/Lake Louise tourism offices:
http://www.jasper.travel
http://www.banfflakelouise.com
Parks Canada: http://www.pc.gc.ca - pick whichever park you want info for (Banff, Jasper, Yoho & Kootenay, Mt. Revy or Glacier; once you are at the park's page, you'll see a menu down the left - choose "Visitor information").